Battle of Amiens in World War I

The Battle of Amiens occurred during World War I (1914-1918). The British offensive began on August 8, 1918, and the first phase effectively ended on August 11. Allies Marshal Ferdinand FochField Marshal Douglas HaigLieutenant General Sir Henry RawlinsonLieutenant General Sir John MonashLieutenant General Richard Butler25 divisions1,900 aircraft532 tanks Germans Generalquartiermeister Erich LudendorffGeneral Georg von der Marwitz29 divisions365 aircraft Background With the defeat of the 1918 German Spring Offensives, the Allies swiftly moved to counterattack. The first of these was launched in late July when French Marshal Ferdinand Foch opened the Second Battle of the Marne. A decisive victory, Allied troops succeeded in forcing the Germans back to their original lines. As the fighting at the Marne waned around August 6, British troops were preparing for a second assault near Amiens. Originally conceived by the commander of the British Expeditionary Force, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, the attack was intended to open rail lines near the city. Seeing an opportunity to continue the success achieved at the Marne, Foch insisted that the French First Army, just to the south of the BEF, be included in the plan. This was initially resisted by Haig as the British Fourth Army had already developed its assault plans. Led by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Rawlinson, the Fourth Army intended to skip the typical preliminary artillery bombardment in favor of a surprise attack led by the large-scale use of tanks. As the French lacked large numbers of tanks, a bombardment would be necessary to soften the German defenses on their front. The Allied Plans Meeting to discuss the attack, British and French commanders were able to strike a compromise. The First Army would take part in the assault, however, its advance would commence forty-five minutes after the British. This would allow the Fourth Army to achieve surprise but still permit the French to shell German positions before attacking. Prior to the attack, the Fourth Armys front consisted of the British III Corps (Lt. Gen. Richard Butler) north of the Somme, with the Australian (Lt. Gen. Sir John Monash) and Canadian Corps (Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur Currie) to the south of the river. In the days prior the attack, extreme efforts were made to ensure secrecy. These included dispatching two battalions and a radio unit from the Canadian Corps to Ypres in an effort to convince the Germans that the entire corps was being shifted to that area. In addition, British confidence in the tactics to be used was high as they had been successfully tested in several localized assaults. At 4:20 AM on August 8, British artillery opened fire on specific German targets and also provided a creeping barrage in front of the advance. Moving Forward As the British began moving forward, the French commenced their preliminary bombardment. Striking General Georg von der Marwitzs Second Army, the British achieved complete surprise. South of the Somme, the Australians and Canadians were supported by eight battalions of the Royal Tank Corps and captured their first objectives by 7:10 AM. To the north, the III Corps occupied their first objective at 7:30 AM after advancing 4,000 yards. Opening a gaping fifteen-mile long hole in the German lines, British forces were able to keep the enemy from rallying and pressed the advance. By 11:00 AM, the Australians and Canadians had moved forward three miles. With the enemy falling back, British cavalry moved forward to exploit the breach. The advance north of the river was slower as the III Corps was supported by fewer tanks and encountered heavy resistance along a wooded ridge near Chipilly. The French also had success and moved forward approximately five miles before nightfall. On average, the Allied advance on August 8 was seven miles, with the Canadians penetrating eight. Over the next two days, the Allied advance continued, though at a slower rate. Aftermath By August 11, the Germans had returned to their original, pre-Spring Offensives lines. Dubbed the Blackest Day of the German Army by Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff, August 8 saw a return to mobile warfare as well as the first large surrenders of German troops. By the conclusion of the first phase on August 11, Allied losses numbered 22,200 killed wounded and missing. German losses were an astounding 74,000 killed, wounded, and captured. Seeking to continue the advance, Haig launched a second assault on August 21, with the goal of taking Bapaume. Pressing the enemy, the British broke through southeast of Arras on September 2, forcing the Germans to retreat to the Hindenburg Line. The British success at Amiens and Bapaume led Foch to plan the Meuse-Argonne Offensive which ended the war later that fall. Selected Sources History of War: Battle of AmiensFirst World War: Battle of AmiensBritish Army in World War I: Battle of Amiens

Effectiveness Of Mental Health Essay - 1191 Words

Effectiveness of mental health court The incarceration of people with mental illness has grown to be a serious social, clinical and economic concern (Hawthorne, 2012). There is an estimated 804,000 people in the United States annually that enters into the system (NcNiel Binder, 2007). Majority are non-violent, low-level misdemeanor offenders that cycle in and out of the prison system due to the multiple barriers they encounter when attempting to access mental health services within the community (Hawthorne, 2012). A solution that has been developed to resolve this issues is establishing mental health court. Mental health court was established to reduce recidivism of individuals with mental illnesses and ensure public safety. The thought was that providing individuals with treatment needed to ensure stability of their mental health illnesses would aid in the decrease of the individuals involvement with criminal activity. Problem History In the past several decades the increase of mentally ill individuals have grown in the criminal justice system. The problem originated back in the early 19th century with asylums (institutions), deinstitutionalizations and budget cuts. (Steadman, Osher, Robbins, Case, Samuels, 2009). People with mental illnesses were are not receiving the treatment and support needed to maintain stable and functioning lives thus causing them to cycle in an out of prison. Current problem Currently individuals are arrested and endure the process ofShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Effectiveness And Capture The Experiences Of Adolescence That Went Through A School Based Mental Health Program1406 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy to evaluate the effectiveness and capture the experiences of adolescence that went through a school based mental health program in Sweden. The majority of programs that have been implemented for depression are cognitive behavioral therapy based. 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Pakistani Girl Got Shot Free Essays

Pakistani girl got shot In the last century,women empowerment movements swept across Europe clamoring for gender equality. The successful struggle granted girls and women the right to education in many countries. Nevertheless,until today,the blessing hasnt reached Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Pakistani Girl Got Shot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Falling into the shadow of Taliban,universal education is nothing more than a pipe dream to many girls there. Malala,a 15-year-old activist who promoted women’s right to education in Pakistan was shot in the head by Taliban militants on her way home on October 19th. Despite being swiftly sent to a hospital in Britain,the life of the young heroine was at stake. The heinous attack sent shock waves through the nation and fanned up the indignation of the international community. ‘ believe while international community should fght against the Taliban militants ,the Pakistan government and people are responsible for the tragedy Mingled with rage and appal,’ found the case of Malala was Just the tip of the iceberg in Pakistan. ‘ condemn the unforgivable acts of the Taliban militants and believe the International community shall counteract these subversive beasts at all costs. Education is a universal right and nobody should be denied access to it. lt is never confine to a gender or race. Therefore,for the sake of Justice and peace,The international community should follow the Taliban millitants to the end of the Earth while giving profuse support to the victims. The Pakistani government,though menaced by the Taliban militants,should not watch the battle with folded arms. Apart from lives and properties,a responsible overnment should safeguard the rights and freedom of its people. Education,without doubts,is among the basic rights. Sadly to say,the education system in Pakistan is still a crawling toddler. People languish at the bottom of the world literacy list due to the fact that the government drains away immense resources on military defense. Without the government’s sincere support of education for its people,no wonder terrorist suppression on girls’ education remains unchecked for ages. In addition,the deprivation of education of many girls has much to do with the vicious ocial practice in Pakistan. Girls drop out of school early to Join parents at work while some are married off as teenagers. consequently,girls could not climb up the social ladder when they grow up and poverty haunts them for good. The lack of support from parents is also a decisive factor favoring the Taliban’s crackdown on education. To save countries like Pakistan from miseries,’ hope the international peacekeeping values. Last but not least,may Malala and other victims speedy recovery,may education become universal and may the world a long-lasting peace. How to cite Pakistani Girl Got Shot, Papers

MUHAMMAD AZIZUL RAHMAN BIN RODUAN Essay Example For Students

MUHAMMAD AZIZUL RAHMAN BIN RODUAN Essay MC 160100277Impact of Cell Phones on People: Pros and ConsOver the years, the world has witnessed a booming number of cell phones. They are dramatically changing the way people contact, communicate, interact or socialize with each other. It is apparent that cell phone has had a profound influence on personal lives. However, not all of the impact of them could be positive nor negative, this is because the existent of these multifunctional tools have both pros and cons and the side effect is obviously made or judge based on the user itself. Recently, people who is actually living in this deep world of communication era now days belief that this communication devices has an advantage to bring significant fortune or profit to the agencies, companies and marketers, and whenever this cellular phones become popular, many of the tech user started to recognized that this incredible outstanding devices is qualified as a need for them. As developments in communication continue, cell phone devices become more advance and sophisticated. For example, cellular phones are now equipped with greater multiple functionalities, thus, making these electronic devices essential in the communication system of any businesses. Indeed, cell phones are always connected to the Internet, via a data network, mobile broadband or Wi-Fi connection. However, the very things that make cellular phones so convenient and useful are the same things that can stop user in their tracks with a dead battery. The more application and programs running in the phone, the more energy it needs to perform. Even though battery life is drain out, cell phones still consider as a source of unlimited entertainment. The things which we never thought would be present in a cellular phone are now possible. Which means cell phones have come into existence which not only helping in making calls but also help out user to stay entertained by allowing the user themselves to play games, listen to music and do lots of other stuff. Although cell phones had a bunch of possibilities to the majority of society there is also a disease came along with it, such as causing a distraction and addiction. It is true that people are now getting a numerous number of advantages from a single high tech cell phone but these communication technologies also have several negative impacts. For example, using cell phones too often could probably be harmful for humans health as it can increase the risk of brain cancer and lacking of face to face communication is also the result of using cell phones. Instead of going out or finding an alternative ways to prevent laziness, many people still prefer to stay at home and use their cell phones to connect to others onlineIn conclusion, we can see how cell phone is capable changing our cultures in both good and bad ways. Even though these devices have brought people from different parts of the world closer together, it does not mean it has not alienated the people closest to us. As useful as cellular phones are, it is important to use them accordingly and not make them our lifeline to the outside world. Communication consists of verbal and non-verbal cues and this is what makes us feel close to one another and measure should be taken to ensure this does not stop. Is keeping animals in zoos acceptable?In recent years, zoos are consider as a place where animals from around the world are kept and technically animals are being forced to be taken away from their natural habitat, where there are naturally existing food sources, enemies, and placed inside of a cage that keeps out all of animals which consists of only a small percentage of the naturally occurring flora and fauna to which the animal is accustomed. With no natural predators or food sources to hunt, many animals will lose their natural instincts, which are necessary for survival. This prevents reintegration into the animal kingdom and leaves them sentenced for life in a zoo. .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .postImageUrl , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:hover , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:visited , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:active { border:0!important; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:active , .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2973ae9b47e7be98dd41a7e97055e40d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An overview of breastfeeding EssayHowever, there is no doubt that zoos main goal is to ensure that these overall animals were protected from the midst of a global extinction crisis. Not only zoos play a critical role in fighting for wildlife extinction, but they are also emphasis their right to keep animals in captivity in order to help endanger species population from decreasing. Indeed, these animals have been born in captivity and they do not miss the wild as they do not know what it is, but letting a captive bred animal out into the wild would be far more cruel as it would not know how to feed or protect itself from any number of dangers. Some species, without captive breeding, would be long extinct such as Przewalskis horse which no longer exists in the wild. Many other species such as the rhino, panda, wolf, cheetah, leopard, and many species of birds without human protection and conservation would also suffer for a long extinct. This is why zoos have to prove themselves and take this opportunity in order to help these animals survival from extinct because out in the wild there are still a tons of animals would have a very little chance to survive, especially those on the endangered list. As what we know, these animals are still hunted by poachers for their skins, bones and other by products. Also, some of them have a more difficult time surviving in the wild by themselves due to pollution, destruction of their habitats, high level of competition for food, over-predation, diseases and other unfortunate reasons. And when it comes to education, zoos are also playing a very important role among community. For example school children are curious about animals and see them everywhere in their daily lives, and an opportunity to go to the zoo and see them for real is amazing for them. With this opportunity, they enjoy learning about animals and endangered species. Besides, the zoos also have launched and added signs to most places where animals are located in order to inform people about them too, including how many there still are in the world, what they eat, and so on. Not only school children, but pretty much everyone can get informed about animals at zoos, as they start to raise awareness towards important issues regarding animals. In conclusion, keeping animals in zoo is obviously acceptable because the zoos itself have useful purpose and it provides safety to the animals as well. And not only that, it is also consider as the best ideal habitation for the rare animals from extinction even though some of the community that may not agree with their way to keep animals in their property.